====== Ubuntu 14.04 CITIUS Operating System ====== Installation, maintenance and support of an Ubuntu 14.04 Operating System that has been customized for the CITIUS. Installation **in any computer connected to the CITIUS network** can be requested trough [[https://citius.usc.es/dashboard/ requests and problem reporting form]]. ===== How to install additional software ===== ==== Matlab and Maple ==== They both have their own installer. Search "install matlab" or "install Maple" in the program menu or execute the apropiate command: ''install-matlab_R2012a.sh'', ''install-matlab_R2011a.sh'', ''install-maple16.sh'', ''install-maple17.sh''. ==== Available software from repositories ==== First, check if the desired software is already in the repositories. The most reliable way of doing it is using the command line: apt-cache search the_program_name This will show a packet list with a small description. For a more detailed description of any of them, use: apt-cache show the_packet_name To install a packet, use the command: aptdcon -i the_packet_name To install more than one packet at the same time put their names between quotation marks: aptdcon -i "packet_name other_packet_name" Other interesting aptdcon options: * ''-c'': Refresh the cache of available packets. * ''-u packet_name'': updates a packet * ''--safe-upgrade'': Update all packets * ''-r packet_name'': Uninstalls a packet ==== Software not in repositories ==== If a program is not present in the configured repositories but is available in a compatible one, be it an Ubuntu official repository or a third-party one, it can be added to the configured list to make it available for all users. Request it using the [[https://citius.usc.es/dashboard/ requests and problem reporting form]]. You can also compile and install from source any program if you use as //prefix// a directory in which you have write permissions like ''/home/local/user_name''. Usually all programs allow specifying a custom installation //prefix//. Check the program documentation. ===== FAQ ===== ==== How can I upgrade from Ubuntu 12.04 to 14.04 ==== Please request it through the [[https://citius.usc.es/dashboard/ requests and problem reporting form]]. Specify a time and day for the upgrade. Nothing will be erased from your home (both the local and the remote) but any specific personalization stored in the system partition or any cron tasks will be lost. ==== Establish the session language ==== In Ubuntu 14.04 the session language can be stablished using the tool «Soporte de idiomas»(Language support). It can be found in the Ubuntu menu. To choose the default language for the current user drag and drop the chosen language to the top of the list. Only the Spanish, English and Galician languages are available and it is not allowed to install more. The date and number format can be changed using the «Opcións rexionais»(Regional options) tab of this window. ==== Empathy does not support XMPP/Jabber accounts ==== The package ''account-plugin-jabber'' must be installed with aptdcon -i account-plugin-jabber. ==== Can other desktops be used, apart from Unity? ==== Other desktops can be installed using the Ubuntu Software Center or aptdcon. The following desktops are available: * GNOME Classic * Install the ''gnome-session-flashback'' package. * KDE * Install the ''escritorio-kde-minimo'' package for a very basic desktop. * Install the ''escritorio-kde-basico'' package for the basic desktop with the KDE basic applications. * Install the ''escritorio-kde-completo'' package for the desktop with all the available applications (be warned, they are A LOT). * LXDE * Install the ''lxde'' package. * I3-WM * Install the ''i3-wm'', ''i3status'' and ''suckless-tools'' packages. * XFCE * Install the ''xfce4-session'', ''xfce4-panel'', ''shimmer-themes'' and optionally ''xfce4-goodies''. * For a the fullest experience install ''xfce4-whiskermenu-plugin'', ''xfce4-indicator-plugin'' and ''gtk-theme-config''. ==== How can I install additional LATEX packages? ==== Any TeXLive package available in [[http://www.ctan.org/|CTAN]] can be installed in your user home. First install ''xzdec'': aptdcon -i xzdec Then, only once, TexLive directories in your home must be initialized: tlmgr init-usertree After that, you can install any desired package. For example, to install [[http://www.ctan.org/pkg/pgfgantt|pgfgantt]]: tlmgr install pgfgantt ==== The flash plugin doesn't work in Firefox or a warning appears ==== First try to upgrade Flash manually. Execute the following commands in a terminal window: aptdcon -c aptdcon -u flashplugin-installer If this doesn't fix the problem it is possible that the repository is out of date. Sometimes Firefox marks the Flash plugin as insecure and there is no current alternative.Then it is necessary to wait a few days for an update to appear. ==== I prefer the traditional scroll bars, can I have them back? ==== Then new scroll bars are called //Overlay Scrollbars//. To have the old ones back you need to uninstall the package ''overlay-scrollbar''. If you later change your mind, it is enough to install that packet back. aptdcon -r overlay-scrollbars ==== Problems printing PDF documents ==== Some documents, after being processed by the Evince reader, don't get printed correctly or leave the printer blocked. As an alternative the command ''lp'' can be used. It sends the document to the printer unprocessed. Without options lp uses the printer in your floor and prints the document single-sided. lp -o sides=two-sided-long-edge example_file.pdf # prints double-sided lp -P 12,15,17-20 example_file.pdf # prints only pages 12,15 e 17 a 20 lp -o number-up=4 -o fit-to-page -o number-up-layout=rltb example_file.pdf # prints 4 pages by sheet, top to bottom and left to right, scaling to fit the sheet size. lp -d ctprints1 example_file.pdf # Prints in the basement printer lpstat -a # Show the list of available printers ==== Unity hangs, ¿how can I recover the system without rebooting? ==== Some configurations, specifically those with low video memory, are prone to leave Unity unresponsive. In that event you can try to execute the command ''unity-reload'' by pressing ''Alt+F2''. If that doesn't work, go to a terminal by pressing ''Control+Alt+F1'', login and execute the command from there. To go back to the desktop press ''Alt+F7''. ==== Install Ruby, Python and R packets in the home directory ==== === Ruby === gem install --user-install packet_name Before the first time you must install ''ruby1.9.1-dev'': aptdcon -i ruby1.9.1-dev When installing the first gem a warning to add a directory to the PATH will be issued. This must only be done the first time. For example: WARNING: You don't have /home/remoto/jorge.suarez/.gem/ruby/1.9.1/bin in your PATH, gem executables will not run. Add the necessary export command in your ''bashrc'' file with this command: echo "export PATH=~/.gem/ruby/1.9.1/bin:$PATH" >> ~/.bashrc This change won't have any effect until you open a new session unless you execute the quoted part of the previous command or the ''bash'' command in the current session. === Python === The recommended option is to install the [[https://www.continuum.io/downloads#_unix|Anaconda]] distribution. The advantage of this distribution is that it works from an user directory and lets the user have different installations with different versions of each packet. In the ''bin'' subdirectory you can find all the typical python executables, as well as the ''conda'' package manager which is simpler and more robust than ''pip''. If you prefer not to use Anaconda, you can still install packets with: pip install --install-option="--user" packet_name Before doing it for the first time you need to install ''python-dev'': aptdcon -i python-dev === R === Firstly create a directory called ''R'' in your home: mkdir ~/R Run R and inside it use the packet installation command: R install.packages("packet_name") You will be asked if you want to do it in ''~/R'' because ''/usr/local/lib/R'' cant be written into. Answer ''y''. The directory will be added to the library path and you will be able to load them. ==== When unblocking the screen after being idle it asks twice for the password ==== This happens in the default directory(Ubuntu) when inheriting the configuration from Ubuntu 12.04. To fix it execute this command from a terminal: dconf reset -f /org/compiz/ After closing the session and logging in again the problem should be gone. ==== After logging in the keyboard gets set to english automatically ==== This is ''ibus'' fault. You can deactivate it if you don't plan on using it (if you don't know what ''ibus'' is then you're not using it). Go to //System settings// » //Language support// and as the keyboard input method choose //None//. If you need to use ''ibus'' then you can fix this problem by editing its configuration [[http://askubuntu.com/questions/459617/keyboard-layout-isnt-kept-upon-reboot|as explained here]].